I research how changes in the local news environment interact with the strategies of political elites to influence American political attitudes, behavior, and knowledge.

Books

Storefront Campaigning. 2024. With Sean Whyard.​
Cambridge University Press: Elements in Campaigns and Elections. 

Executive Summary

​​Since Barack Obama's historic and unprecedented field operations in 2008 and 2012, campaigns have centralized their voter contact operations within field offices: storefronts rented in strategically chosen communities. 2020 upended that model: Joe Biden won the election without any offices (due to covid-19), while Donald Trump's campaign opened over 300. Using two decades of data on office locations and interviews with campaign staffers, we show how the strategy and impact of local field offices changed over the past 20 years, and assess whether future campaigns will invest in offices again -- or if the rebirth of storefront campaigning is over.  
Home Style Opinion: How Local Newspapers Can Slow Polarization. With Matthew P. Hitt and Johanna L. Dunaway. 2021.
Cambridge University Press: Elements in Politics and Communication.
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Local newspapers can hold back the rising tide of political division in America by turning away from the partisan battles in Washington and focusing their opinion page on local issues. When a local newspaper in California dropped national politics from its opinion page, the resulting space filled with local writers and issues. We use a pre-registered analysis plan to show that after this quasi-experiment, politically engaged people did not feel as far apart from members of the opposing party, compared to those in a similar community whose newspaper did not change. While it may not cure all of the imbalances and inequities in opinion journalism, an opinion page that ignores national politics could help local newspapers push back against political polarization.

Press Coverage

Special Issue Editor

Media Policy for an Informed Citizenry:
​Revisiting the Information Needs of Communities for Democracy in Crisis
(co-edited with Nikki Usher, Philip Napoli, and Michael Miller)
ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2023
This volume of The ANNALS revisits and updates a call made by scholars in the early 2010s for public policy to respond to the market failure of local news. Organized into four parts—policy, supply, demand, and adaptation—this volume is committed to the proposition that people need information about their communities in order to navigate everyday life, and that those information needs are inextricably intertwined with other basic necessities like sustenance, transportation, housing, health, and safety. However, local and regional newspapers face an existential threat to their continued economic survival that undermines their ability to do even basic, routine coverage of civic institutions and communities. This volume demonstrates that professional journalism is one of many ways to support communities’ information needs. We consider how new sources of news and information might fill contemporary information needs and how media policy, broadly understood, could help create a more equitable, tolerant, and just multiracial democracy.

​Peer-Reviewed Articles

21. Peterson, Erik, Joshua P. Darr, Maxwell Allamong, and Michael Henderson. Conditionally accepted. "Can Americans' trust in local news be trusted? The emergence, sources, and implications of the local news trust advantage." American Journal of Political Science. (pre-print)
  • We find unfamiliar news outlets are trusted more when they have a local cue in their name. In surveys where people evaluate digital sources covering their community, this heuristic leads the public to trust unreliable information providers that signal a local focus more than high-quality sources that do not.

20. Robinson, Sue, Margarita Orozco, and Joshua P. Darr. Conditionally accepted. "How the Engagement Journalism Movement is Changing Political News Content: An Applied-Research Study." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly.
  • Analyzing a large dataset of political stories published by journalists in training programs, we employed both quantitative and qualitative techniques to find significant differences between 2018, 2020, and 2022 political coverage: fewer horse-race (game) framed stories, more content considered to be “engaged,” more transparent stories, and somewhat of a boost in solutions-oriented content.

19. Darr, Joshua P., and Moriah Harman. (2024). "Leaving a Legacy: Shifting Media Use and American Democratic Attitudes." Political Behavior.
  • ​We use a three-wave panel survey from 2012-2014 to assess the relationship between changes in self-reported news diets and opinions about American elections and democracy. Switching out of local newspapers is associated with a significant decrease in faith in elections but does not appear to influence support for the broader U.S. system of government.

18. Feezell, Jessica, Kathleen Searles, John Wagner, Joshua P. Darr, Ray Pingree, Mingxiao Sui, and Brian Watson. (2024). "Scrolling Headlines and Clicking Stories: Content Differences and Implications Associated with Increased Scrollability of News." Journal of Information Technology and Politics.
  • In this study, we use a replica newsfeed to track the stories participants stroll by and click on (N = 1,051), and complement this with a content analysis of the headlines and stories. We find that headlines are more negative in tone compared to stories, and people are more likely to click on negative stories. With the exception of affective polarization, we find little difference between those who scroll and those who click across a variety of political behaviors.

17. Darr, Joshua P. (2023). "How Sticky is Pink Slime? Assessing the Credibility of Deceptive Local Media." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 707(1): 109-124.
  • In this study, I use a survey experiment to assess how readers respond to the same headline delivered to them as a fake newspaper, a fake website, or a real television station. Respondents rated the fake local newspaper as less credible than a real television station or a fake local website, but they rated fake local websites as credibly as real local television..

16. Darr, Joshua P., and Robyn L. Stiles. (2022). "Should Campaigns Respond to Electability Arguments?" Journal of Political Marketing, 21(1): 41-55. (ungated) (supplemental appendix)
  • In our experiments, a Democratic candidate is described as viable in the primary but unelectable in the runoff, and Democratic voters are encouraged to strategically vote for a more acceptable Republican to advance to the runoff. We find that when respondents see a campaign respond to an argument against their electability, it significantly improves perceptions of that candidate’s electability.

15. Searles, Kathleen, Joshua P. Darr, Mingxiao Sui, Raymond J. Pingree, Nathan P. Kalmoe, and Brian K. Watson. (2022). "Partisan media effects beyond one-shot experimental designs." Political Science Research & Methods, 10(1): 206-214. (replication data)
  • We find that sustained exposure to a feed that features out-party news media attenuates partisans’ beliefs that Fox News is unfair, but not MSNBC. Unexpectedly, repeated exposure to in-party news also increased partisans’ beliefs that Fox News is unfair. Our results update our understanding of media hostility in an online news environment characterized by a diversity of outlets.

14. Archer, Allison M.N., and Joshua P. Darr. (2022). "Gubernatorial elections change demand for local newspapers." American Politics Research, 50(1): 52-66.
  • We analyze partisan and non-partisan newspapers in Virginia and New Jersey during their off-cycle gubernatorial elections from 1934-2007, when there was no competition from federal elections. We replicate prior work and find that the relative readership of newspapers associated with the winning party declines after the gubernatorial election.

​13. Darr, Joshua P., Brittany N. Perry, Johanna L. Dunaway, and Mingxiao Sui. (2020). "Seeing Spanish: The Effects of Language-Based Media Choices on Resentment and Belonging." Political Communication, 37(4): 488-511. (ungated) (supplemental appendix) (replication data)
  • We find that seeing articles about non-immigration politics in Spanish, as an option next to English articles, significantly raises racial resentment towards Hispanics among White Democrats. Among Spanish-speaking Latinos, seeing a political news article option in Spanish increases feelings of inclusion and belonging, even when it is not about a racialized issue like immigration.​

12. Darr, Joshua P. (2020). "Abandoning the Ground Game? Field Organization in the 2016 Elections." Presidential Studies Quarterly, 50(1): 163-175. (ungated) (supplemental appendix) (replication data)
  • Using original data on the locations of campaign field offices in 2016, I show that there was less field investment on both sides than in 2012; field office placement was less strategically aggressive; there was less self-reported voter contact in areas with field offices; and smaller estimated effects of a local field presence than in previous elections.
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11. Padgett, Jeremy, Johanna L. Dunaway, and Joshua P. Darr. (2019). "As Seen on TV? How Gatekeeping Makes the U.S. House Seem More Extreme." Journal of Communication, 69(6): 696-719. (ungated) (supplemental appendix)
  • ​When we model on-air statements by members of Congress as a function of legislator and institutional characteristics, we reveal a gatekeeping function that vastly overrepresents extreme partisans on both sides of the aisle, for network and cable outlets alike. Gatekeeping processes reflect structural-economic biases towards extreme and conflictual content rather than network-specific partisan biases.

10. Darr, Joshua P., Sarah D. Cate, and Daniel S. Moak. (2019). "Who'll Stop the Rain? Repeated Disasters and Attitudes Towards Government." Social Science Quarterly, 100(7): 2581-2593. (ungated) (supplemental appendix) (replication data)
  • We use an original survey of Louisianans to assess the role of Katrina experience in performance assessments of FEMA and the Louisiana state government after the 2016 floods, and find a significant negative relationship: flood aid applicants in 2016 rated state government much lower, but only if they also applied for Katrina aid in 2005. Prior experience with government agencies establishes expectations of responsibility that endure years later.

9. Kalmoe, Nathan, Raymond Pingree, Brian Watson, Mingxiao Sui, Joshua P. Darr, and Kathleen Searles. (2019). "Crime News Effects and Democratic Accountability: Experimental Evidence from Repeated Exposure in a Multi-Week Online Panel." International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 31(3): 506-527. (ungated) (online appendix)
  • We experimentally test how leader approval changes when crime loses prominence in news for a sustained period. We create an online news environment coding real news in real-time, then experimentally filter news for nationally-diverse U.S. panelists over one week. We find causal evidence that reducing crime news raises presidential approval and depresses problem importance for crime.

8. Darr, Joshua P., Nathan P. Kalmoe, Kathleen Searles, Mingxiao Sui, Raymond J. Pingree, Brian K. Watson, Kirill Bryanov, and Martina Santia. (2019). "Collision with Collusion: Partisan Reaction to the Trump-Russia Scandal." Perspectives on Politics, 17(3): 772-787. (pre-print) (supplemental appendix) (replication data)
  • We find that Republicans randomly assigned to see more headlines about a presidential scandal reacted more negatively than Democrats or Independents, rating President Trump's performance lower and expressing more negative emotions about him. Intense media focus on a story can alter partisans' evaluations of politicians by shifting the balance of headlines.

7. Darr, Joshua P. (2019). "Earning Iowa: Local Newspapers and the Invisible Primary." Social Science Quarterly, 100(1): 320-327. (ungated​) (online appendix) (replication data)
  • Can presidential candidates influence their coverage in Iowa’s smaller local newspapers during the months leading up to the caucuses? I use an original dataset of campaign press releases and local newspaper coverage to show that press releases were used primarily for information dissemination in Iowa in 2015-16, while small, weekly community newspapers hardly covered the campaign.

6. Darr, Joshua P., Matthew P. Hitt, and Johanna L. Dunaway. (2018). "Newspaper Closures Polarize Voting Behavior." Journal of Communication, 68(6): 1007-1028. (ungated) (online appendix) (replication data)
Winner of the AEJMC Lynda Lee Kaid Award, awarded to the best published paper in the field of political communication in 2018.
  • We assess the impact of newspaper closure on polarized voting, using genetic matching to compare counties that are statistically similar on the observables but for the loss of a local newspaper. We identify a small but significant causal decrease in split-ticket voting in presidential and senatorial elections in these matched communities: in areas where a newspaper closes, split-ticket voting decreases by 1.9 percent.
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5. Pingree, Raymond, Brian Watson, Mingxiao Sui, Kathleen Searles, Nathan Kalmoe, Joshua P. Darr, Kirill Bryanov, and Martina Santia. (2018). "Checking Facts and Fighting Back: Why Journalists Should Defend Their Profession." PLoS ONE 13(12): e0208600.
  • What would happen if journalists spoke up more in defense of their profession? A five-day field experiment manipulated whether an online news portal included fact check stories and opinion pieces defending journalism. We found that fact checking was beneficial in terms of three democratically desirable outcomes – media trust, epistemic political efficacy, and future news use intent – only when stories defending journalism were present.

4. Darr, Joshua P., and Johanna L. Dunaway. (2018). "Resurgent Mass Partisanship Revisited: The Role of Media Choice in Clarifying Elite Ideology." American Politics Research, 46(6): 943-970. (ungated) (online appendix)
  • We examine whether cable news choice shapes respondents’ ability to correctly identify Democrats as the more liberal party, and Republicans as more conservative. Using cross-sectional and panel data, we find that partisan news consumers—particularly those watching Fox News—are better able to identify the positions and ideologies of partisan elites. Partisan news may help citizens participate more effectively by helping them identify the ideological orientation of the major parties and candidates.

3. Darr, Joshua P. (2018). "Reports from the Field: Earned Local Media in Presidential Campaigns." Presidential Studies Quarterly, 48(2): 225-247. (ungated) (supplemental appendix)
  • Campaigns attract attention from local media by appealing to the news values of proximity and conflict. I find that candidates receive more stories in the local press in areas where they establish a presence. By subsidizing locally framed content, campaigns can increase their local earned media, with larger effects in competitive states and areas without investments in previous elections.

2. Darr, Joshua P. (2016). "Presence to Press: How Campaigns Earn Local Media." Political Communication, 33(3): 503-522. (ungated).
  • I employ an original data set of newspaper content and campaign investment from the 2004 and 2008 elections. I utilize a within-state matched-pairs design of newspapers from the state of Florida and a detailed content analysis of stories from 21 randomly selected days from each election cycle. I find that regional campaign presence generates positive earned media, but only in smaller newspapers.

1. Darr, Joshua P., and Matthew S. Levendusky. (2014). "Relying on the Ground Game: The Placement and Effects of Campaign Field Offices." American Politics Research, 42(3): 529-548. (ungated) (supplemental appendix).
  • We develop a theoretical argument about where candidates will locate field offices, and test our argument using data from recent elections. We also show that these field offices increase county-level vote share by approximately 1%, netting Obama approximately 275,000 additional votes in the 2008 election.​


Book Reviews

Review of News for the Rich, White, and Blue: How Place and Power Distort American Journalism. By Nikki Usher. New York: Columbia University Press. Journal of Communication​, 2021.

Review of Surprising News: How the Media Affect - And Do Not Affect - Politics. By Kenneth Newton. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. Political Studies Quarterly, 2020.

Review of Taming Intuition: How Reflection Minimizes Partisan Reasoning and Promotes Democratic Accountability. By Kevin Arceneaux and Ryan Vander Wielen. New York: Cambridge University Press. Public Opinion Quarterly​, 2018. (gated)
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Manuscripts Under Review

Working Papers

Locally sourced? Asymmetric partisan responses to federalism cues.

Activating racial sympathy and resentment with news frames. With Martina Santia.

​Priming local identity to reduce polarization. With Natalie Kaczynski.